Abstract:
Today, women make up very big proportion the labor workforce in the education sector
in Azerbaijan, however they continue to earn less than men. Little research has been done on the
Azerbaijan labor market, so the primary goal of this research is the measurement of the gender
pay gap, identification of the key determinants of the gender wage discrimination in Azerbaijan
and its consequences on the society and labor force. This study attempts to measure wage
discrimination by looking directly at pay disparity between men and women in the same jobs and
personal characteristics and by contrasting wage to specific productivity measures. The
quantitative research method was implemented based on the survey format addressing teachers,
instructors, professors and deans of six universities, colleges and schools in total. The female-to male earnings ratio, based on the median earnings of 81 men and 152 women from survey is
0.53, and the total gender raw wage gap is 872.3 AZN in numbers or 87%. Women are doing the
same jobs as men and have higher human capital characteristics, but gap still persists. After
controlling for the productivity variables in the Blinder-Oaxaca wage decomposition, it is
estimated that only 12% of the gap is explained by the self-explanatory characteristics. The wage
gap persists due to a variety of factors including social and religious norms as the unconscious
bias of employers, leading to significant lost wages, benefits and career opportunities , which
contribute towards persistent gender inequality and impedes economic growth. Traditions and
gender roles can impact the occupational segregation of women , their educational choice and the
selection and promotion management of the HR management in organizations (European
Commission report, 2013). As religion is strongly overlapped with social norms and values, we
measured that 17% of the gender wage gap is explained by the combination of religiousness and
the conservative or patriarchic type of society of the respondents, and we face gender wage discrimination on the both groups of patriarchic male female and religious male female groups.
But no discrimination is observed on religious or patriarchic women within the pool of all female
employees. Moreover, flexible job arrangement of teachers’ work doesn’t cause the gender wage
discrimination towards women but rather positively contributes the work-life balance and
maternity obligations of female workers. These studies consistently find evidence of ongoing
labor market discrimination and support the findings that women are still facing differential on the-job treatment Indeed, achieving gender pay equity is critical for the employee retention and
satisfaction, but challenging and long process requiring strong commitment.